AutomaticKnee

Estate Agent Covent Garden

2006-10-26T01:00:00.000-07:00

Robert Irving Burns specialise in London Commercial and Residential property services. They are an estate agent covent garden amongst other London areas such as Soho and Oxford Circus.

Basedow, Johann Bernhard

2005-03-19T08:08:00.000-08:00

Basedow as a boy revolted

Qayrawan, Al-

2005-03-17T15:09:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Qairouan, or Kairouan, town, north-central Tunisia. The town, one of the holy cities of Islam, lies on the Low Steppes, a semiarid alluvial plain southeast of the Central Tell. Founded in 670 on the site of the Byzantine fortress of Kamouinia, it served as the camp from which the offensive was launched that resulted in the Islamic political and religious subjugation of the Maghrib (northwest Africa).

Arnold, Sir Edwin

2005-03-15T08:04:00.000-08:00

Poet and scholar, best known as the author of The Light of Asia (1879), an epic poem that tells, in elaborate language, of the life and teachings of the Buddha. The Light of the World (1891), on the Christian theme, was less successful. From 1873 Arnold was chief editor of The Daily Telegraph of London. Before joining the Telegraph, he had been principal of

Axiology

2005-03-12T00:08:00.000-08:00

(from Greek axios, “worthy”; logos, “science”), also called Theory Of Value, the philosophical study of goodness, or value, in the widest sense of these terms. Its significance lies (1) in the considerable expansion that it has given to the meaning of the term value and (2) in the unification that it has provided for the study of a variety of questions—economic, moral, aesthetic, and even

Clouet, Jean

2005-03-10T20:04:00.000-08:00

Although he lived in France most of his life, records show that he was not French by origin and was never naturalized. He was one of the chief painters to Francis I as early as 1516 and was appointed groom of the chamber from 1523, thus enjoying the salary and social position

Feldspar

2005-03-08T07:04:00.000-08:00

Of the more than 3,000 known mineral species, less than 0.1 percent make up the bulk of the Earth's crust and mantle. These and an

Macadamia

2005-03-06T14:52:00.000-08:00

Macadamias originated in the coastal rain forests and scrubs of what is now Queensland in northeastern Australia. The macadamias grown commercially in Hawaii and Australia are principally

Auerbach, Erich

2005-03-05T18:40:00.000-08:00

After gaining a doctorate in philology at the University of Greifswald, Germany, in 1921, Auerbach served as librarian for the Prussian State Library. From 1927 to 1947 he was professor of Romance philology at the University of Marburg in Germany and at the Turkish State University

Cheever, Ezekiel

2005-03-03T09:13:00.000-08:00

Cheever was the son of a weaver and was educated at Christ's Hospital in London and in the classics at the University of Cambridge. Cheever came to America in 1637 as a Puritan in search of religious freedom. In 1638 he settled in New Haven, Conn., as master of the public school. Active in both civil

Robbins (of Clare Market), Lionel Charles Robbins, Baron

2005-03-01T14:42:00.000-08:00

Robbins was educated at the University of London and the London School of Economics (LSE). After periods of teaching at New College, Oxford, and LSE, he was appointed professor of economics at the latter university in 1929, a position he held until 1961. Robbins was influenced

Aethelberht

2005-02-27T23:52:00.000-08:00

King of the West Saxons, or Wessex, who succeeded to the subkingdom of Kent during the lifetime of his father Aethelwulf and retained it until the death of his elder brother Aethelbald in 860, when he became sole king of Wessex and Kent, the younger brothers Aethelred and Alfred renouncing their claim. He ruled these kingdoms for five years. His reign was marked by two serious

Ako

2005-02-25T14:55:00.000-08:00

City, Hyogo ken (prefecture), western Honshu, Japan. During the Heian period (794–1185), it was a seaside resort for courtesans from Kyoto. It became a castle town in the 17th century, when the powerful Ikeda clan took up residence. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the establishment of chemical factories and steel mills has transformed Ako into one of Japan's most polluted industrial

Royal Courts Of Justice

2005-02-23T01:35:00.000-08:00

Within its confines are held sessions of the Court of Appeal, the High Court of Justice, and the Crown Court. Prior to the opening of the complex in 1882, civil cases were decided

New Clean Government Party

2005-02-20T11:04:00.000-08:00

After the 1962 elections to the upper house of the Japanese Diet, Soka-gakkai members held 15 seats and replaced the Democratic Socialist Party as the party or group with the third largest representation. In 1964 the Clean Government Party, or Komeito, was founded; and in July

Scorsese, Martin

2005-02-18T10:06:00.000-08:00

Scorsese was a frail, asthmatic child who grew up in New York City in an Italian-American neighbourhood on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. His early interest in film returned after he tried unsuccessfully to enter the Roman Catholic

Bowerman, Bill

2005-02-14T19:10:00.000-08:00

American coach, inventor, and entrepreneur who while serving (1949–72) as coach of the track team at the University of Oregon led teams to four National Collegiate Athletic Association titles (1962, 1964, 1965, and 1970) and coached 24 NCAA individual champions; in his quest to give his runners an edge, Bowerman experimented with creating a lighter outsole and fashioned the modern-day “waffle” running

Lamian War

2005-02-12T22:08:00.000-08:00

Also called Greek War (323–322 BC) conflict in which Athenian independence was lost despite efforts by Athens and its Aetolian allies to free themselves from Macedonian domination after the death of Alexander the Great. Athenian democratic leaders, in conjunction with the Aetolian League, fielded an army of 30,000 men in October 323. They seized Thermopylae and kept a Macedonian army under Antipater blockaded

Andreini, Isabella

2005-02-11T23:32:00.000-08:00

In 1578 Flaminio Scala, a theatrical manager and scenario writer, engaged Isabella Canali to play the female lead in his company. There she met Francesco Andreini and married him the same year. They helped form the

Abe Isoo

2005-02-06T16:58:00.000-08:00

Abe was attracted to socialism while studying for the ministry in the United States, where he graduated from the Hartford (Conn.)

Yun Shouping

2005-02-02T15:12:00.000-08:00

Yun had an adventure-filled early life. Following the collapse

Jeune Afrique

2005-02-01T15:59:00.000-08:00

In full Jeune Afrique, L'hebdomadaire Internationale De L'afrique (French: “Young Africa, International Weekly of Africa”), weekly news magazine in the French language that presents news and interpretative and editorial commentary on Africa, especially French-speaking Africa. It is published in Paris and is the preeminent news magazine covering African affairs in French and perhaps in any language. It was founded in 1960. Jeune

Term

2005-01-29T14:59:00.000-08:00

In logic, the subject or predicate of a categorical proposition (q.v.), or statement. Aristotle so used the Greek word horos (“limit”), apparently by an analogy between the terms of a proportion and those of a syllogism. Terminus is the Latin translation of this word, used, for example, by the 5th-century Roman philosopher Boethius. Hence in medieval logic the word came to be used

Term

2005-01-28T15:27:00.000-08:00

Also called Court of Justice of the European Communities the judicial branch of the European Union (EU). Its headquarters are in Luxembourg. The ECJ originated in the individual courts of justice established in the 1950s for the European Coal and Steel Community, the European Economic Community, and the European Atomic Energy Community. The function of these courts was to ensure the observance of law in those organizations'

Liger

2005-01-26T08:05:00.000-08:00

Offspring of a lion and a tigress. The liger is a zoo-bred hybrid, as is the tigon, the result of mating a tiger with a lioness. It is probable that neither the liger nor the tigon occurs in the wild, as differences in the behaviour and habitat of the lion and tiger make interbreeding unlikely. The liger and the tigon possess features of both parents, in variable proportions,

Philip Iv

2005-01-23T20:06:00.000-08:00

He succeeded his father, Philip III of Spain, in 1621, and, for the first 22 years of his reign, Philip's valido, or chief minister, was the Conde-Duque de Olivares, who took the spread of the Thirty Years' War as an opportunity not only for resuming hostilities against

Fell, John

2005-01-21T15:14:00.000-08:00

Ordained in 1647, Fell was deprived of his fellowship at Oxford in 1648 for having fought with the Royalists against Oliver Cromwell during the English Civil Wars. Despite

Buka Island

2005-01-20T21:41:00.000-08:00

One of the northern Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea, in the southwestern Pacific. It lies northwest of Bougainville Island, from which it is separated by the deep Buka Passage (5 miles [8 km] wide). A volcanic formation measuring 35 miles by 9 miles (56 km by 14 km), Buka has a total land area of 190 square miles (492 square km). Rising to 1,634 feet (498 metres) in hills on the southwest, the island is densely

Arias (madrid), Arnulfo

2005-01-18T04:11:00.000-08:00

The younger brother of Harmodio Arias (Panamanian president, 1932–36), Arias was educated at the University of Chicago and Harvard Medical School (to become a surgeon) and was minister of agriculture and public works in the 1930s during the presidency

Mauretania

2005-01-16T15:57:00.000-08:00

Transatlantic passenger liner of the Cunard Line, called the “Grand Old Lady of the Atlantic.” It was launched in 1906 and made its maiden voyage in 1907; thereafter, it held the Atlantic Blue Riband for speed until 1929, challenged only by its sister ship, the Lusitania (sunk by a German submarine on May 7, 1915). During World War I the Mauretania worked as a transport and hospital ship. During

Conopophagidae

2005-01-14T18:42:00.000-08:00

Gnateater (or antpipit) family of small, plump-bodied birds of Central and South America. The two genera (Conopophaga and Corythopsis) were separated from the antbird family (Formicariidae) in 1882 and raised to family rank. Research in the late 1960s, however, led to its dissolution; the Conopophaga were then returned to the Formicariidae, and the Corythopsis were assigned to

Homophony

2005-01-12T17:38:00.000-08:00

Homophony does

Manawatu-wanganui

2005-01-09T03:30:00.000-08:00

Local government region, southern North Island, New Zealand. It includes a major portion of one of the largest plains of the North Island and encompasses the Whanganui River valley. The region rises northward to the Kaimanawa Mountains and stretches along the Tasman Sea to include the Rangitikei River (noted for its steep-walled gorge) and the Manawatu River. The

Zog I

2005-01-04T04:19:00.000-08:00

Siding with Austria during World War I, Zog thereafter became a

Egypt, Ancient, Predynastic Egypt

2005-01-02T03:03:00.000-08:00

The peoples of predynastic Egypt were the successors of the Paleolithic inhabitants of northeastern Africa, who had spread over much of its area; during wet phases they had left remains in regions as inhospitable as the Great Sand Sea. The final desiccation of the Sahara was not complete until the end of the 3rd millennium BC; over thousands of years people must have

Egypt, Ancient, Predynastic Egypt

2004-12-31T23:47:00.000-08:00

Any member of the egg-laying mammalian order Monotremata, which includes the amphibious platypus (family Ornithorhynchidae) and the terrestrial echidnas (family Tachyglossidae) of Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea.

Page, Walter

2004-12-29T07:16:00.000-08:00

Page played in several bands in the 1920s before forming Walter Page's Blue Devils (1925–31) in Oklahoma City, Okla. A historically important early “territory

'abbas Mirza

2004-12-27T05:42:00.000-08:00

Although he was not the eldest son of Fath 'Ali Shah (1797–1834), 'Abbas Mirza was named crown prince and appointed governor of the province of Azerbaijan in 1798 or 1799. When war broke out between Russia and Iran in 1804, he was made commander of the Iranian expeditionary

Vega, Lope De

2004-12-25T06:48:00.000-08:00

Outstanding dramatist of the Spanish Golden Age, author of as many as 1,800 plays and several hundred shorter dramatic pieces, of which 431 plays and 50 shorter pieces are extant.

Mosquito

2004-12-22T13:47:00.000-08:00

As a night fighter, the Mosquito downed more than 600 Luftwaffe

China, China after the death of Mao

2004-12-21T17:23:00.000-08:00

Perhaps never before in human history had a political leader unleashed such massive forces against the system that he had created. The resulting damage to that system was profound, and the goals that Mao Zedong sought to achieve ultimately remained elusive. The agenda he left behind for his successors was extraordinarily challenging.

Shaharith

2004-12-19T20:49:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Shaharit, Shacharit, or Shacharith, Hebrew Shaharit (“dawn”), in Judaism, the first of three periods of daily prayer; the other daily services are minhah and maarib. They are all ideally recited in the synagogue so that a quorum (minyan) can be formed to pray as a corporate body representing “Israel.” Shaharith is considered a substitute for the dawn sacrifice formerly offered each day in the Temple of Jerusalem, but ancient

Kidney Vetch

2004-12-16T11:47:00.000-08:00

Also called ladies' fingers (species Anthyllis vulneraria) perennial herb, of the pea family (Fabaceae), found in meadows, alpine pastures, and dry places of Europe and northern Africa. The low, hairy plant grows to a height of 15–40 cm (6–16 inches) and has narrow leaves 1.4–3.8 cm (0.5–1.5 inches) long and yellow, reddish, or white flowers. It was formerly used as a remedy for kidney disorders but is now frequently cultivated in rock gardens.

New Zealand, Annexation and further settlement

2004-12-15T17:31:00.000-08:00

In 1838 the British government decided upon at least partial annexation. In 1839 it commissioned William Hobson, a naval officer, as lieutenant governor and consul to the Maori chiefs, and he annexed the whole country, the North Island by the right of cession from the Maori chiefs and the South Island by the right of discovery. At first New Zealand was legally part of New South

Aranda

2004-12-13T05:43:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Arunta, Aboriginal tribe that originally occupied a region of 25,000 square miles (65,000 square km) in central Australia, along the upper Finke River and its tributaries. The Aranda were divided into five subtribes, which were marked by differences in dialect. In common with other Aborigines, the Aranda were greatly reduced in number during the first 70 years of contact with whites, but

Hydra

2004-12-10T01:38:00.000-08:00

Genus of invertebrate freshwater animals of the class Hydrozoa (phylum Cnidaria). The body of such an organism consists of a thin, usually translucent tube that measures up to about 30 millimetres (1.2 inches) long but is capable of great contraction. The body wall is comprised of two layers of cells separated by a thin, structureless layer of connective tissue called the

Holborn

2004-12-08T18:58:00.000-08:00

Neighbourhood and former metropolitan borough (until 1965) of London. Now part of the borough of Camden, it lies northwest of the City of London and south of the Islington neighbourhood of Clerkenwell. Gray's Inn and Lincoln's Inn, two of the four Inns of Court, are central features of the district. The houses of Sir John Soane's Museum overlook Lincoln's Inn Fields from the north,

Defense Economics

2004-12-06T00:57:00.000-08:00

Field of national economic management concerned with the economic effects of military expenditure, the management of economics in wartime, and the management of peacetime military budgets.

Sweat

2004-12-05T20:17:00.000-08:00

The moisture excreted in visible quantities through the openings of the sweat glands. See perspiration.

Kyd, Thomas

2004-12-03T20:11:00.000-08:00

English dramatist who, with his The Spanish Tragedie (sometimes called Hieronimo, or Jeronimo, after its protagonist), initiated the revenge tragedy of his day. Kyd anticipated the structure of many later plays, including the development of middle and final climaxes. In addition, he revealed an instinctive sense of tragic situation,

Halibut

2004-11-30T04:23:00.000-08:00

The Atlantic halibut (H. hippoglossus) is found on both sides

Oakley, Annie

2004-11-28T20:06:00.000-08:00

Phoebe Ann Moses early developed an amazing proficiency with firearms. As a child she hunted game with such success that, according to legend, by selling it in Cincinnati, Ohio, she was able to pay off the mortgage

Snowflake

2004-11-27T00:03:00.000-08:00

Flowering plant of the family Amaryllidaceae (q.v.).

Argentina, Dominance of Buenos Aires

2004-11-24T06:27:00.000-08:00

By then, military leaders had assumed power in almost every province. Each provincial political regime soon acquired its own character, according to the relative power held by military strongmen (caudillos) and by local political interests. This differentiation was not, however, cause for friction between the provinces; rather, economic and geographic factors

Scandinavian Literature, Icelandic literature

2004-11-23T15:01:00.000-08:00

The literary and linguistic renaissance in Iceland at the start of the 19th century was fostered by three men in particular: a philologist, Hallgrímur Scheving; a poet and lexicographer, Sveinbjörn Egilsson; and a philosopher and mathematician, Björn Gunnlaugsson. The principal movement in this renaissance was Romanticism. Inspired by the German philosopher Henrik

New Caledonia

2004-11-21T19:59:00.000-08:00

Officially Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies , French Territoire de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances French overseas territory in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, about 900 miles (1,500 kilometres) east of Australia. It includes the island of New Caledonia (the Grande Terre, or mainland), where the capital, Nouméa, is located; the Loyalty Islands; the Bélep Islands; and the Isle of Pines. These islands, which form more than 99 percent of the total land area of about 7,300 square miles (19,000 square

Weill, Kurt

2004-11-18T07:02:00.000-08:00

Weill studied with Albert Bing and at the Staatliche Hochschule für Musik in Berlin with Engelbert Humperdinck. He gained some experience as an opera coach and conductor at Dessau

Nagaland, Government

2004-11-16T06:26:00.000-08:00

Unlike in other Indian states, Nagaland has

Facsimile

2004-11-15T05:52:00.000-08:00

In addition to the conventional office use of fax as described above, there are several other applications worth noting. The first is in point-to-point transmission of newspapers for remote printing. A number of newspapers are available simultaneously in several editions nationwide or even worldwide. Although the paper is usually composed at only one location,

Adapazari

2004-11-13T08:34:00.000-08:00

City, northwestern Turkey, lying in a fertile plain west of the Sakarya River. It is situated along the old military road from Istanbul. The region came under Ottoman control in the early 14th century, and the city acquired its present name at the end of the 18th century. An agricultural and industrial centre, Adapazari is connected by a branch line to the main Anatolian railway

Cabriole

2004-11-10T04:15:00.000-08:00

Ballet jump, formerly performed only by men, in which the dancer beats the calves of the legs together in the air, with a scissors-like movement. When the beat occurs, the legs are extended at either a 45° or 90° angle to the body at the front, side, or back. The dancer may land on one foot, then bring the second foot down to fifth position—cabriole fermée (“closed cabriole”)—or may complete

Mckenna, Joseph

2004-11-09T20:08:00.000-08:00

McKenna grew up in California and was admitted to the state bar in 1865. A Republican, he served as Solano county district attorney (1866–70) and in the California state legislature (1875–76). Despite the prevailing anti-Roman Catholic sentiments that contributed to two defeats at the polls, McKenna was elected in

Scandinavian Literature, The heroic lays

2004-11-07T22:56:00.000-08:00

The heroic lays followed the mythological in the Codex Regius and were probably the earlier of the two. Many of the legends on which they were based originated in Germany or even among the Goths. Oldest of all was perhaps the Hamdismál (“Lay of Hamdir”), which forcefully expressed the heroic ideals of Germanic tribal life. The story closely resembled one told by Jordanes

France, History Of, Religious discipline and piety

2004-11-04T11:53:00.000-08:00

One characteristic of the church in the 6th century was frequent councils to settle questions of doctrine and discipline. The conciliar institution declined, leading to liturgical anarchy and a moral and intellectual crisis among the clergy. Charlemagne and Louis the Pious attempted to impose a uniform liturgy, inspired by the one used at Rome. They also took measures

Sha'ir

2004-11-02T04:41:00.000-08:00

(Arabic: “poet”), in Arabic literature, poet who in pre-Islamic times was a tribal dignitary whose poetic utterances were deemed supernaturally inspired by such spirits as jinn and shaitans. As such, his word was needed to insure the success of certain tribal activities, particularly war, grazing, and the invocation of the gods. In times of intertribal strife, the satire

China, Reformist and revolutionist movements at the end of the dynasty

2004-10-30T16:14:00.000-07:00

Sun Yat-sen, a commoner with no background of Confucian orthodoxy, educated in Western-style schools in Hawaii and Hong Kong, went to Tientsin in 1894 to meet Li Hung-chang and present a reform program, but he was refused an interview. This event supposedly caused his antidynastic attitude. Soon he went to Hawaii, where he founded an anti-Manchu fraternity called the Hsing-chung

Basel, Council Of

2004-10-29T05:20:00.000-07:00

A general council of the Roman Catholic church held in Basel, Switz. It was called by Pope Martin V a few weeks before his death in 1431 and then confirmed by Pope Eugenius IV. Meeting at a time when the prestige of the papacy had been weakened by the Great Schism (1378–1417), it was concerned with two major problems: the question of papal supremacy and the Hussite heresy. (The Hussites were

Jalisco

2004-10-27T05:55:00.000-07:00

Estado (“state”), west-central Mexico. It is bounded by the states of Nayarit and Aguascalientes and Zacatecas (north), Guanajuato (east), Michoacán and Colima (south), and by the Pacific Ocean (west). Its capital is Guadalajara (q.v.). The Sierra Madre Occidental traverses the state, separating the narrow, heavily forested coastal plain from a high plateau region that is part of

Neap Tide

2004-10-26T17:59:00.000-07:00

Tide of minimal range occurring near the time when the Moon and the Sun are in quadrature. This condition is geometrically defined as the time at which the line from the Earth to the Moon is at right angles to the line from the Earth to the Sun. Thus, the tide-producing effects of the Sun and the Moon cancel each other, and tidal ranges are usually 10 to 30 percent less than the

Router

2004-10-26T05:20:00.000-07:00

Portable electric power tool used in carpentry and furniture making that consists of an electric motor, a base, two handle knobs, and bits (cutting tools). The motor has a chuck for holding the bits by their straight shanks on one end of its shaft and fits upright (chuck down) in the base. The motor can be raised or lowered relative to the base to adjust the depth of cut made

Culture Area

2004-10-24T15:08:00.000-07:00

Among the most important writers on the subject of culture areas were Sir Halford Mackinder

Sha'rani, Ash-

2004-10-23T19:42:00.000-07:00

Throughout his life Sha'rani was influenced by the pattern of his education. His introduction and exposure to Islamic learning were limited; his formal education was concerned with the 'ulum al-wahb (“gifted knowledge of the mystic”), as opposed to a traditional and rigorous study of Islamic sciences.

Rio De Janeiro

2004-10-22T13:44:00.000-07:00

Estado (“state”) of southeastern Brazil, bounded by the states of Espírito Santo (north), Minas Gerais (west), and São Paulo (southwest), while to the east lies the Atlantic Ocean. It is named for the city of Rio de Janeiro, the state capital, which was the capital of Brazil from 1763 to 1960 and remains the nation's main centre for cultural events, leisure, and tourism. It is Brazil's second largest

Sabotage

2004-10-22T11:31:00.000-07:00

Deliberate destruction of property or slowing down of work with the intention of damaging a business or economic system or weakening a government or nation in a time of national emergency. The word is said to date from a French railway strike of 1910 when workers destroyed the wooden shoes (sabots) that held the rails in place. A few years later sabotage was employed in

Insurance, Workers' compensation insurance

2004-10-21T09:21:00.000-07:00

The scope of employment injury laws, originally limited to persons in forms of

Kálvos, Andréas Ioannídis

2004-10-20T13:40:00.000-07:00

Kálvos was brought up at Leghorn, Tuscany (1802–12), and lived most of his life in Italy and England. While in Italy he became secretary (1812–17) to the Italian poet and patriot

China, The Cultural Revolution, 196676

2004-10-18T23:21:00.000-07:00

As the clash over issues in the autumn of 1965 became polarized, the army initially provided the battleground. The issues concerned differences over policy directions and their implications for the organization of power and the qualifications of senior officials to lead. Much of the struggle went on behind the scenes; in public it took the form of personal vilification

Gambia, The

2004-10-18T09:12:00.000-07:00

Officially Republic of The Gambia, country of western Africa, with an area of 4,127 square miles (10,689 square kilometres). Essentially, The Gambia is a strip of land 15 to 30 miles (25 to 50 kilometres) wide and 295 miles long on either bank of the Gambia River; except for a short coastline, it is surrounded by Senegal. Its unusual shape and size are attributable to territorial compromises arising from 19th-century Anglo-French rivalry

Rupert

2004-10-16T07:45:00.000-07:00

A member of the Wittelsbach dynasty, he was chosen king by the German ecclesiastical electors on Aug. 22, 1400, to succeed Wenceslas, who had been deposed the day before by the German princes. After being crowned at Cologne on Jan.

Overtone

2004-10-15T04:33:00.000-07:00

Harmonics

Wolfe, Tom

2004-10-14T00:28:00.000-07:00

After studying at Washington and Lee University (B.A., 1951) and Yale University (Ph.D., 1957), Wolfe wrote for several newspapers, including the Springfield

Wellington

2004-10-13T03:05:00.000-07:00

Local government region, extreme southern North Island, New Zealand. It includes the cities of Wellington (the national capital) and Lower Hutt, Upper Hutt, Porirua, and Masterton. The broad Hutt River valley, once the locale of dairy farms and market gardens, has absorbed much of Wellington city's urban expansion since the 1950s. There is still much open farmland to the north,

Akihito

2004-10-12T11:08:00.000-07:00

Akihito was the fifth child and eldest son of Emperor Hirohito and Empress Nagako. During his early years he was reared in the traditional imperial manner, beginning his education

Ogre

2004-10-10T07:58:00.000-07:00

Feminine ogress a hideous giant represented in fairy tales and folklore as feeding on human beings. The word gained popularity from its use in the late 17th century by Charles Perrault, the author of Contes de ma mère l'oye (Tales of Mother Goose). Since then, ogres have appeared in many works, including “Tom Thumb”; “Hansel and Gretel,” where the witch is a type of ogre because she intends to eat

Lesser Slave Lake

2004-10-09T15:17:00.000-07:00

Lake in central Alberta, Canada, 130 miles (209 km) northwest of Edmonton and 400 miles (640 km) south of Great Slave Lake (in the Northwest Territories). It is 60 miles (97 km) long by 12 miles (19 km) wide and has an area of 451 square miles (1,168 square km). Fed by many small streams, it drains eastward into the Athabasca River via the Lesser Slave River. The name, first used by the Cree Indians, refers to the Slave (Dogrib)

Latin America, History Of, Bureaucratic authoritarianism

2004-10-08T14:06:00.000-07:00

Allende as president combined Marxist assault on the owners of the means of production with populist lavishing of short-term benefits on his working-class followers, and on both counts he stirred violent resentment among upper- and middle-class Chileans as well as attracting the adamant hostility of the United States. In September 1973 he was ousted in favour of General

Armenia

2004-10-08T03:08:00.000-07:00

In full Republic of Armenia, Armenian Hayastan, or Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun, country of Transcaucasia, lying just south of the great mountain range of the Caucasus and fronting the northwestern extremity of Asia. It covers an area of 11,500 square miles (29,800 square kilometres). To the north and east Armenia is bounded by Georgia and Azerbaijan, while its neighbours to the southeast and west are, respectively, Iran and Turkey. Naxçivan, an exclave of Azerbaijan,

Bulge, Battle Of The

2004-10-07T15:13:00.000-07:00

Also called Battle Of The Ardennes (Dec. 16, 1944–Jan. 16, 1945), the last German offensive on the Western Front during World War II; an unsuccessful attempt to push the Allies back from German home territory. The name Battle of the Bulge was appropriated from Winston Churchill's optimistic description, in May 1940, of the resistance that he mistakenly supposed was being offered to the Germans' breakthrough in that area just

Racine

2004-10-06T13:24:00.000-07:00

City, seat (1836) of Racine county, southeastern Wisconsin, U.S. It lies along Lake Michigan at the mouth of the Root River, just south of Milwaukee. Founded in 1834 as Port Gilbert by a lake captain, Gilbert Knapp, in 1837 it adopted its present name, which was derived either from the French word for “root” or from the Algonkian pakwasewin, meaning “a place where wild rice is gathered.” The improvement

Arts, Islamic, The new style

2004-10-05T11:32:00.000-07:00

The new approach to poetry that developed during the 9th century was first accorded scholarly discussion in the Kitab al-badi ' (“Book of the Novel and Strange”) by Ibn al-Mu'tazz (died 908), caliph for one day, who laid down rules for the use of metaphors, similes, and verbal puns. The ideal of these “modern” poets was the richest possible embellishment of verses by the use of tropes, brilliant

Amorphous Solid, Vapour condensation techniques

2004-10-03T23:19:00.000-07:00

In the gold-silicon system of Figure 5, at compositions far from the cusp, glasses cannot be formed by melt quenching—even by the rapid splat-quench technique of

Nervous System Disease, Demyelinating disease

2004-10-03T17:47:00.000-07:00

Demyelination frequently affects the cerebellum and its connections. The primary signs of cerebellar disease are nystagmus, ataxia, and scanning speech. (See Unlocalized or multifocal disorders: Demyelinating diseases.)

Epictetus

2004-10-01T00:09:00.000-07:00

His original name is not known; epiktetos is the Greek word meaning “acquired.” As a boy he was a slave but managed to attend lectures

Christophe, Henry

2004-09-29T17:26:00.000-07:00

The facts of Christophe's early life are questionable and confused. An official document issued on his own order gives the birth date and birthplace

Koch, Ilsa

2004-09-28T17:34:00.000-07:00

A sometime librarian, in 1936 Ilsa married SS Colonel Karl Koch, then commander of the Sachsenhausen camp. In 1939 he was transferred to Buchenwald, where she acquired the reputation of a sadist and nymphomaniac, beating

Nahuel Huapí, Lake

2004-09-28T08:24:00.000-07:00

Largest lake (210 sq mi [544 sq km]) and most popular resort area in Argentina's lake district, lying in the wooded eastern foothills of the Andes at an altitude of 2,516 ft (767 m). Nahuel Huapí (Araucanian Indian for “island of the jaguars”) was discovered in 1670 by the Jesuit priest Nicolás Mascardi, who built a chapel on the lake's Huemul Peninsula and established an Indian reducción (work mission).

Scandinavian Literature, Swedish

2004-09-27T10:43:00.000-07:00

The early years of the 20th century were a period of decadence and pessimism in Swedish literature. Representative of this mood were Hjalmar Söderberg and Bo Bergman. Söderberg's forte was the short story (Historietter [1898]), in which psychological subtlety and irony were happily combined and in which, as in his novels Martin Bircks ungdom (1901; “Martin Birck's Youth”) and Doktor

Asvaghosa

2004-09-26T02:13:00.000-07:00

Asvaghosa was born a Brahman. Legend obscures the man, but it is known that he was an outspoken opponent of Buddhism until, after a heated debate with a noted Buddhist scholar

Saint Bernard

2004-09-25T06:49:00.000-07:00

Working dog credited with saving the lives of some 2,500 people in 300 years of service as pathfinder and rescue dog at the hospice founded by St. Bernard of Montjoux in Great St. Bernard Pass in the Pennine Alps. Probably descended from mastifflike dogs that were introduced from Asia to Europe by the Romans, the St. Bernard appears to have been brought to the hospice in the late

France, History Of, Peasants

2004-09-24T10:06:00.000-07:00

The condition of many peasants deteriorated markedly in the 18th century; perhaps as many as one-third of them were sporadically indigent. This cannot be explained by a decline in the peasants' share of the land. In 1789, French peasants still owned about one-third of arable land, most of it in small plots of less than 10 acres (nobles owned about one-fifth of the land, the church one-sixth,

AutomaticKnee

Estate Agent Covent Garden

Basedow, Johann Bernhard

Qayrawan, Al-

Arnold, Sir Edwin

Axiology

Clouet, Jean

Feldspar

Macadamia

Auerbach, Erich

Cheever, Ezekiel

Robbins (of Clare Market), Lionel Charles Robbins, Baron

Aethelberht

Ako

Royal Courts Of Justice

New Clean Government Party

Scorsese, Martin

Bowerman, Bill

Lamian War

Andreini, Isabella

Abe Isoo

Yun Shouping

Jeune Afrique

Term

Term

Liger

Philip Iv

Fell, John

Buka Island

Arias (madrid), Arnulfo

Mauretania

Conopophagidae

Homophony

Manawatu-wanganui

Zog I

Egypt, Ancient, Predynastic Egypt

Egypt, Ancient, Predynastic Egypt

Page, Walter

'abbas Mirza

Vega, Lope De

Mosquito

China, China after the death of Mao

Shaharith

Kidney Vetch

New Zealand, Annexation and further settlement

Aranda

Hydra

Holborn

Defense Economics

Sweat

Kyd, Thomas

Halibut

Oakley, Annie

Snowflake

Argentina, Dominance of Buenos Aires

Scandinavian Literature, Icelandic literature

New Caledonia

Weill, Kurt

Nagaland, Government

Facsimile

Adapazari

Cabriole

Mckenna, Joseph

Scandinavian Literature, The heroic lays

France, History Of, Religious discipline and piety

Sha'ir

China, Reformist and revolutionist movements at the end of the dynasty

Basel, Council Of

Jalisco

Neap Tide

Router

Culture Area

Sha'rani, Ash-

Rio De Janeiro

Sabotage

Insurance, Workers' compensation insurance

Kálvos, Andréas Ioannídis

China, The Cultural Revolution, 196676

Gambia, The

Rupert

China, The Cultural Revolution, 196676

Arts, Islamic, The new style